Shalimar Gardens built on forty acres of land completed in1642
Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1592-1666)
During his reign as the fifth Mughal emperor (1628–1658), Shah Jahan ushered in the golden age of Mughal architecture, characterized by a shift toward refined white marble, strict bilateral symmetry, and exquisite ornamental detail.
Major Architectural Achievements
- Taj Mahal (Agra): Built between 1632 and 1648 as a white marble mausoleum for his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal, featuring the pietra dura inlay technique (semi-precious stones embedded in marble), large bulbous domes, symmetrical gardens (charbagh), and Quranic calligraphy.
- Red Fort / Lal Quila (Delhi): A massive fortress-palace with red sandstone walls housing private marble palaces, audience halls (Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas), and formal gardens.
- Jama Masjid (Delhi): One of India's largest and most prominent Friday mosques, constructed with alternating red sandstone and white marble, featuring towering minarets and vast courtyards.
- Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi): A newly planned walled capital city established in 1639 along the Yamuna River, featuring grand boulevards and imperial infrastructure.
- Shalimar Gardens (Lahore, Pakistan): Terraced Persian-style water gardens laid out with symmetrical water channels, fountains, and marble pavilions.
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